INTERNATIONAL AMERICAN FOOTBALL OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION MANUAL OF FOOTBALL OFFICIATING
Jim Briggs
16th edition (International) January 2016 An IAFOA publication
Copyright © IAFOA and J S Briggs 2016 The right of Jim Briggs to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. ISBN 978-1-326-55110-0 (print version) ISBN 978-1-326-55111-7 (Ebook version)
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the copyright holder.
Front cover photograph by Pelle Haglund
It's been nearly eight years since I was introduced to the "international" game of American football. I took the invitation to officiate the International Federation of American Football (IFAF) World Championship in Japan as an opportunity to get a jump on the upcoming fall NCAA season. I didn't know what to expect. I assumed the competition and the officiating would be equal to NCAA Division II or III. What a pleasant surprise I and the other American officials were in for. The caliber of football was well beyond what we expected and the best part was what we came away with in our relationships with the fifteen other international officials.
"Our game" was now their game. We can become pretty complacent thinking that the Americans were the only ones who knew anything about football. I remember one of our outstanding mentors, Jim Keogh, telling us that we're like a piece of fruit. "When we're green we grow and when we're ripe we rot." That was Jim's message and emphasis to every official he ever came in contact with. The two weeks together with the international officials was the opportunity of a lifetime to realize we all had room to "blossom and grow".
Through that first international experience I quickly realized that as good as we think we know the rules of the game, the Japanese officials to a man knew the rulebook better than most of us. As a whole they were like former Big Ten referee Tom Quinn who could quote you chapter and verse of every rule and "AR" in the book. The Japanese officials were truly students of the game. That motivated me to spend even more time in rules study. I needed to be better than I thought I was.
Over the next few years I had the opportunity to travel to Europe, work games and do clinics in England, Germany, Poland, Hungary and Austria. That's where my next motivation came and it involved our officiating mechanics. Again, thinking like we do, I thought I/we had a pretty good handle on mechanics and the rationale for why we do certain things on the field. Let me tell you, just like the wakeup call on rules with the Japanese officials, I got another dose of "you're not as smart as you thought you were" from British and other European IFAF officials. No one has put together a more comprehensive, black and white mechanics manual than the IAFOA/BAFRA manual. The Manual of Football Officiating covers everything from three to eight person crews in an in-depth manner that is more comprehensive than any NFHS or NCAA manual. This manual is an encyclopedia of the "best practices" of football officiating. The pages are devoted to individual positions, a pre-game, general principles and axioms, measurements, working with your chain crew, etc. It's as comprehensive an officiating resource as any you will read. Combine this manual with your NFHS and NCAA/CFO manuals and you and your crew will be on the road to raising your game.
Kudos to Dr. Jim Briggs, the main author and chair of the IAFOA Rules & Mechanics Committee, for his leadership and work on this officiating mechanics manual. Jim exemplifies the body of officials who officiate internationally. He and his committee members again earned their "stripes" with this latest edition. Great input, debate and dialogue took place from the entire committee. No politics, no personal agendas, and no ego trips: just what works best for the game being played. So the next time you think of American Football as "our game", remember "our" now means the world. The international players and coaches are pretty darn good and the officiating is even better.
So whether you're a BAFRA official, an IFAF official, or an official in the United States, Japan or Brazil, the "Manual of Football Officiating" is a must read book for you. The decision is yours... "If you're green you grow. If you're ripe you rot". Which official are you? If you know everything about the game then this manual's not for you. But remember, knowledge is power and this manual will give you power through its insights and strategies for improving your individual and crew performance. The officials in Japan made me a better rules official. BAFRA and IFAF have sparked me to better know and understand the mechanics of officiating football. Bill LeMonnier, Big-10 and IFAF official
The Manual of Football Officiating (MOFO) embodies the best practice of football officiating as exemplified by top officials in the USA. The members of the International Review Committee continue to monitor good practice in the National Football League, major college conferences and high school football, and adapt it to the particular needs of our football.
Originally developed for BAFRA members in Great Britain, this book has now been adopted as the official mechanics manual for international competitions, and is used in many other countries, including Australia, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kuwait, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Serbia and Sweden (some in translation).
A previous edition of this book published by Referee magazine in the USA sold 1000 copies. We are proud of the book's success and would like to take this opportunity to thank all those who have contributed to it over the years.
In this manual:
We always encourage officials or local associations to write to us with comments on this manual and, in particular, suggestions of improvements to the mechanics which could be incorporated in future editions. Please contact me at the following email address.
Dr Jim Briggs mechanics@myiafoa.org
The Editor would like to thank all the individuals who contributed to this and the previous edition (GB unless noted otherwise). These include: Lewis Lebolt (Sweden), Bill LeMonnier (USA), Paul Mercer (Australia), David Parsons, Peter Parsons, Bojan Savicevic (Austria), Paul Sutton, Brian Yates.
The Editor is grateful to the following who contributed by helping to proof-read this edition: Andy Binns, Amir Brooks, Phil Clarke, Tom Cripps, Steve Egan, John Griffin, Chris Jarvis, Tzvi Lindeman, Larry Rigby, Kevin Stanton, Frank Thomson, Kris Walentynowicz (Poland), the late Alan Wilson, Mark Wilson.
In addition. many officials have contributed to previous editions, including: David Allan, Ian Barraclough, Einar Bolstad (Norway), Chris Bowker, Stephen Bowness (New Zealand), Bill Bowsher, Dan Bridgland, Arnold Buijs (Netherlands), the late Phil Cottier, Norman Cox, T Hutchison, Richard Jeffrey-Cook, Frank Kristensen (Denmark), Hans Lammerhirt (Germany), Tzvi Lindeman, Will Marriage, Russell Newton, Eigel Noren (Norway), David Norton, Mel Pons (Netherlands), Dominic Ray, Henning Rieske (Germany), the late John Slavin, Steve Tonkinson, Mike Wylde.
The invaluable contributions of Dick Honig, Mike Pereira, Bill LeMonnier and many other NCAA and NFL officials who have spoken at European clinics should also be acknowledged.
The Editor would also like to thank Jerry Grunska (USA) and Lewis Lebolt (Sweden) for their detailed feedback on previous versions of this book, and all the officials and officiating organizations who have contributed mechanics, tips and ideas.
Editor: Jim Briggs, Editor, BAFRA Manual of Football Officiating
mechanics@bafra.org
Generated: 16/2/2016, 2057